Kinetic proofreading is a canonical scheme believed to be responsible for the high ligand discrimination capacity of many biochemical processes. In a recent PNAS publication, Kirby and Zilman studied kinetic proofreading for receptor signaling and argued that when stochasticity is taken into account, having more proofreading steps does not generally improve the discrimination of different receptor-binding lig- ands based on counts of signaling molecules produced (1).

PNAS
doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2320118121
PNAS
Biochemical Networks

Xiao, F., & Galstyan, V. (2024). With the leisure of time, kinetic proofreading can still perform reliable ligand discrimination. PNAS, 121(32), e2320118121 : 1–2. doi:10.1073/pnas.2320118121