The c(4 X 2) reconstruction of Ge(001) has been studied by x-ray diffraction of 150 K by measuring in-plane reflections and out-of-plane intensities of fractional order rods. The structure consists of an alternate arrangement of buckled dimers (tilt angle 19° • 1°) along the [110] and [110] surface directions. The dimer rows are not straight along the [110] direction but show a slight zigzag with an amplitude of 0.340 • 0.005 Å.

Phys. Rev. Lett.

Ferrer, S., Torrelles, X., Etgens, V. H., van der Vegt, H. A., & Fajardo, P. (1995). Atomic structure of the c(4 x 2) surface reconstruction of Ge(001) as determined by X-ray diffraction. Phys.Rev.Lett., 75, 1771–1774.