We describe the development of solar water-splitting cells comprising earth-abundant elements that operate in nearneutral pH conditions, both with and without connecting wires. The cells consist of a triple junction, amorphous silicon photovoltaic interfaced to hydrogen and oxygen evolving catalysts made from an alloy of earth-abundant metals and a cobalt|borate catalyst, respectively. The devices described herein carry out the solar-driven water splitting reaction at efficiencies of 4.7% for a wired configuration and 2.5% for a wireless configuration when illuminated with 1 sun of AM 1.5 simulated sunlight. Fuelforming catalysts interfaced with light-harvesting semiconductors afford a pathway to direct solar-to-fuels conversion that captures many of the basic functional elements of a leaf.

doi.org/10.1126/science.1209816
Science

Reece, S. Y., Hamel, J. A., Sung, K., Jarvi, T. D., Esswein, A. J., Pijpers, J. J. H., & Nocera, D. G. (2011). Wireless solar water splitting using silicon-based semiconductors and earth-abundant catalysts. Science, 334(6056), 645–648. doi:10.1126/science.1209816